Bras and the Breast Cancer Cover-Up

July 29th, 2010
Sydney Ross Singer asked:




“Whom can you trust when your culture is the biggest enemy of your health? Can you trust your culture’s leading authorities? Can you trust your culture’s government? Can you trust your culture’s private industry?”

We asked those questions in 1995, at the end of our book, Dressed To Kill: The Link Between Breast Cancer and Bras. Before writing our book, we sent details of our research to the National Cancer Institute, American Cancer Society, President’s Cancer Panel, American Women’s Medical Association, National Organization for Women, National Women’s Health Network, and National Women’s Health Resource Center. There was no response. Not one. Given the lack of interest, we decided to publish our findings in a book, getting the information directly to the women who needed to hear it.

But are women getting the message?

It has been 12 years since our book was first published. Over that time, more than 500,000 women in the US alone have died from breast cancer, with another 2,000,000 having been diagnosed with this terrible disease — a disease that is in most cases preventable by simply loosening up or eliminating the bra. And yet, this lifesaving information has been actively suppressed and censored by the medical and lingerie industries.

Examples of Suppress and Censorship

A large public relations firm in New York City was willing and eager to help us release this information to the public. “My wife just had breast cancer, and I’m sure you are right,” the head of the firm confessed. A big media announcement and celebration were planned. Days later, however, the firm withdrew its offer to help, stating that one of their clients, a large medical center, objected to their working with us.

A Sydney, Australia public relations firm agreed to help publicize our work when we were doing outreach efforts in their country. But it, too, reversed itself. We had asked if they had any conflicts of interest, such as lingerie industry clients. They said they had none. But as it turned out, they did represent a pharmaceutical company that makes a breast cancer treatment drug, and the prevention of breast cancer and its treatment are in conflict, they explained.

The Intimate Apparel Council (which is the US trade association for the multi-billion dollar bra industry) threatened our publisher, Avery Publishing Group, with a lawsuit if Dressed To Kill was released. The publisher said the publicity would help spread the word. The lawsuit never materialized.

After the book was released, the NBC television news show, Dateline, was interested in doing a story on our work. We were extensively interviewed by a skeptical reporter who became a supporter. The story was then abruptly terminated. The producer confidentially explained that the policy of General Electric, which owns NBC, is to avoid airing news stories that can adversely impact on other GE interests. As it happens, GE is a manufacturer of mammography machines.

Women’s magazines, such as Glamour, Self, and others, ran critical stories condemning our work, and finding “experts” to encourage women to continue wearing bras. Elle magazine planned a positive story about the bra/cancer link, but was coerced into pulling the story by bra advertisers. In various newspapers around the world, such as the Guardian in the UK, stories were pulled prior to publication because of fear that they may “panic the public”, including their lingerie advertisers.

The British Fashion Council (which is the UK’s equivalent of the Intimate Apparel Council) published the Breast Health Handbook in 1996 to oppose our efforts. They announced the formation of the Breakthrough Breast Cancer Foundation, which was to receive donations from bra sales to fund genetic research into breast cancer. The book criticized our work, claiming, “The idea that wearing a bra encourages cancer by trapping toxins was recently put forward by researchers at the Institute for Culturogenic Studies (sic) in Hawaii. Researchers from more august establishments promptly dismissed it as claptrap.” Without any medical evidence or research, the book informs women that wearing bras is a health necessity, and should be worn as early in life as possible to prevent breast damage.

Our original publisher, Avery, was purchased by giant Penguin Putnam in 1998. The new publisher did not list the book for three years and refused to revert publication rights to the copywrite holders, Singer and Grismaijer. The book was virtually unavailable, and it was thought to have gone out of print. Finally, after repeated requests, the publishing rights were released to us in October, 2001. (ISCD Press has been keeping it in print since then.)

A television documentary was produced in the year 2000 by Channel 4 in the UK, called, Bras- The Bare Facts. In the documentary, 100 women with fibrocystic breast disease went bra-free for 3 months to document the effect on breast cysts and pain. Two prominent British breast surgeons conducted the study. The results were astounding, and clearly demonstrated that the bra is a serious health hazard. We were interviewed for the program to discuss the bra/cancer connection, which was considered highly plausible and important by the doctors interviewed. Some theorized that, in addition to lymphatic impairment, the bra could also cause cancer by overheating the breasts. The documentary made newspaper headlines in British Commonwealth countries throughout the world, but no mention of it was made at all in the US. The following day, headlines in the U.K. tried to suppress fears of the bra/cancer link, and the doctors in the study quickly distanced themselves from the cancer issue, telling women to continue wearing bras. Their research for the documentary was supposed to be published in a medical journal, but never was. And no further research ever materialized to follow-up on their work, which they said they would do. Extensive news coverage of the program was available on the Internet soon after it aired, but most articles were removed shortly thereafter.

No follow-up studies have been done to refute or confirm our research. None. While a Harvard study, published in the European Journal of Cancer in 1991, discovered that bra-free women have a lower rate of breast cancer, the results were not central to the research they were conducting and were considered unimportant and not followed-up. In fact, apart from our initial 1991-93 Bra and Breast Cancer Study, discussed in detail in Dressed To Kill, and our follow-up research in Fiji, discussed in our book, Get It Off!, there are still no other studies on the bra/cancer link. Not even a letter or discussion of the issue can be found in any medical journal. After decades of breast cancer research, the bra is still completely ignored as even being a potential factor for consideration. It’s like studying foot disease and ignoring shoes.

Keeping the Public Mystified

This lack of research, and the consequent ignorance, are then used by cancer organizations to justify further suppression of the issue. As the American Cancer Society states on its website, (ignoring the Harvard study), “There are no scientifically valid studies that show a correlation between wearing bras of any type and the occurrence of breast cancer. Two anthropologists made this association in a book called Dressed To Kill. Their study was not conducted according to standard principles of epidemiological research and did not take into consideration other variables, including known risk factors for breast cancer. There is no other, credible research to validate this claim in any way.” And they don’t seem interested in funding any such studies in the near future, either. There are other organizations that are similarly critical of the bra/cancer link for lack of research evidence, while at the same time discouraging any research on the subject.

Of particular interest is when breast cancer organizations antagonistic to the issue declare the bra/cancer link to be “misinformation” or a “myth”, without any scientific study supporting their claims. They say bras are important for women to wear for support, without any evidence showing bras are safe or necessary. They then encourage regular mammograms, cancer prevention drug therapy (not realizing that “prevention therapy” is an oxymoron), and even preventative mastectomies (which means that those who are high risk for breast cancer but who don’t want to get it can have their breast removed as a prevention strategy). Of course, it is better to remove the bra instead of the breasts, but bra removal is not a billable procedure.

Keep in mind that bras have been associated with other health problems, such as headaches, numbness in the hands, backache and other postural problems, cysts, pain, skin depigmentation, and more. And lymphatic blockage, which is the result of bra constriction, has already been associated with various cancers. Clearly, the bra/cancer link needs further research, while women take the precaution of loosening up.

Why the resistance?

What harm could there be in following our simple advice, or in even researching this issue? Why the defensive reaction?

There are three reasons:

1. The bra industry fears class action lawsuits. Many insiders have admitted to us that for years the industry suspected underwires were causing cancer. They know that tight bras cause cysts and pain. It is only a matter of time until a lawsuit is made against a bra manufacturer. As a defense, the industry is shifting the blame to the customer, claiming that most women are wearing their bras too tightly, and should get professional fittings. (How do you get a properly fitted push-up bra?) Breaking ranks with their industry peers, and trying to capitalize on the bad news, are several bra manufacturers that now offer newly patented bras claiming to mitigate the damage, including cancer, caused by conventional bras.

2. The medical industry is making billions each year on the detection and treatment of breast cancer. As mentioned above, there is a conflict between the prevention and the treatment of disease, especially if the prevention does not include drugs or surgery. The fact is that our treatment-focused, profit-oriented medical system is making a killing treating this disease, and has billions to lose if breast cancer goes out of fashion along with bras.

In addition, the bra issue will revolutionize the breast cancer field, embarrassing many researchers. Breast cancer research to date that has ignored the bra issue is seriously flawed as a result, which is why the “experts” are still unable to explain the cause of over 70% of all breast cancer cases. Career cancer researchers who have ignored the bra issue will have to admit this fatal flaw in their work, which they are not inclined to admit in their lifetimes.

3. Finally, there is the dogmatic, fearful resistance from some women who find their personal identity so connected to their bras that they would rather risk cancer than be bra-free (which some women have actually told us.) Women are cultural entities, and so long as our culture scorns a natural bustline, many women will submit to the pain, red marks and indentations, cysts, and even the threat of cancer rather than face potential public ridicule (which never really happens.)

There are also women who believe the myth that bras will prevent droopy breasts. The bra industry admits this is a myth, while it still promotes it to improve sales. In fact, bras cause breasts to droop, as the breasts become dependent on the bra for support and the natural supportive mechanisms atrophy from non use.

Despite the resistance, however, some women have gotten the message. And many health care professionals, who have also suspected bras for years, are now spreading that message. As women hear the news and discover that eliminating the bra also eliminates cysts and pain, the news further spreads by word of mouth.

There are now thousands of websites on this subject, many from health care professionals including medical doctors, naturopathic doctors, osteopathic doctors, chiropractors, massage therapists, lymphatic specialists, nutritionists, and others who care about women and helping end this epidemic. Grassroots efforts to keep this information alive and spreading have supplanted the traditional medical research approach, which has disqualified itself for lack of interest and conflict of interest.

When a disease is caused by the culture and its habits, attitudes, fashions and industries, there is bound to be resistance to change. Industries that contribute to disease will be defensive, and industries that profit from disease will be conflicted. However, the truth has a way of getting out, despite the resistance and suppression. Thank Goodness the truth does have a way of getting out.

Breast Cancer News

Decreasing Rate of Cancer Deaths

July 27th, 2010
Ray Whites asked:




The battle of mankind against cancer has been an ongoing one. Even with several cutting edge technological breakthroughs we have not yet been able to completely cure this deadly disease. However, there is hope yet, because recent research findings show a positive trend of declining death rates due to cancer. The death rate is seen to drop steadily; the rate of decrease has almost doubled in 2002-2004 from the figure in 1993-2002.

The overall death rate still remains higher for men than women. But the death rate decreased for the top 15 cancers in both men and women. Most cancer related deaths in men are due to prostrate, lung and colorectal cancers. Breast, lung and colorectal cancer related deaths in women have also seen a dip.

The reason for this decline in death rate could be because of progress that has been achieved in anti-smoking drives, regular screening and commencement of treatment as soon as the disease is detected. Surprising news is that even cancer detection rates have reduced which means that we are slowly but surely overtaking this killer disease.

The reason for the drop in breast cancer rate in 2001-2004 is believed to be increased mammography screening and decrease in the usage of hormone replacement therapy. Lung cancer also shows similar decreasing trend in both men and women.

Experts say that the fight against cancer could show even better results if everyone in the US had access to essential health care facilities. Most important are the screening, prevention services and the primary health care.

What seems to be working is the greater awareness among people about the disease itself, prevention, early detection and prompt treatment. The awareness on healthy lifestyle and diet also contributes significantly to this positive trend. If we can just keep up this healthy trend, the day that we overcome cancer is not too far.

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Breast Cancer Prevention

June 24th, 2010
Rita Goldman asked:




Breast cancer is still a dreaded thought to many women. Most women know someone or certainly have heard of someone who has been diagnosed. There are many stories of women who have beaten the disease and, sadly, some who have succumbed. The good news is that research is continuing in trying to find a cure for all cancers including breast cancer. And there are new ways to treat the disease.

But the old saying that prevention is better than cure is certainly true. Sadly we still do not know what can definitely prevent the disease. We know of several factors which are relevant to the prevention of the disease and the main one of course is regular check-ups. Cancer can be beaten if caught at an early stage and this means constant screenings for breast cancer signs.

Diet, exercise and weight control are three important factors. The good thing about all three is that in almost every case, a woman can control her destiny. You can eat a well-balanced and wholesome diet, you can undertake sensible and regular exercise and you can do something about being overweight. For some it may not be as easy as for others but generally speaking, every woman can take charge of her diet, exercise and weight.

Anyone can develop cancer but women who have a greater risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer, and in developed countries like the USA, this can be as high as 1 in 8, are women who have a family history of cancer and particularly breast cancer.

There are different ways to detect breast cancer. Every woman should carry out a breast self-examination at least once a month. Any swelling or anything unusual should result in a visit to her doctor. A mammogram is an x-ray of the breast and such an examination is able to pick up almost all tumors even if quite small. Catching the tumor in its infancy is vital in the successful treatment of the disease. The two methods are both essential with the self-examination being far more regular than the mammogram. Health authorities recommended all women under 40 have a least one mammogram and once into their 40s to have an annual mammogram.

Young women need to be aware that there is usually a thicker layer of glandular breast tissue and this can screen or hide a possible tumor. An ultrasound is capable of penetrating the dense breast tissue and is used to screen for any cancer. It can see specific areas and pick up matter which a mammogram may miss.

Any woman from a high-risk area such as a family history with breast cancer should consider medical examinations like a mammogram every six months as opposed to once a year. Consult your doctor for advice on your timetable.

In summary there is no definite way to prevent breast cancer. There are ways to reduce the risk and there are simple and powerful ways to detect any cancer. And better still, treatments continue to improve as well.

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IBC Inflammatory Breast Cancer news story

June 10th, 2010
Jacksmith055 asked:


IBC: Inflammatory Breast Cancer News story from KOMO in Seattle alhelm.330mb.com

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Breast Cancer News from the 2010 ASCO Annual Meeting

June 6th, 2010
CancerDotNet asked:


Dr. Eric Winer talks about some of the advances in breast cancer care coming out of the 2010 ASCO Annual Meeting. For more information, visit Cancer.Net (www.cancer.net).

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Breast Cancer Symptoms – How To Detect Before It Is Too Late

June 6th, 2010
Bertil Hjert asked:




Breast cancer is a serious disorder that attacks women. It is a disease that women dread about. In medical terms, this disease can be defined as a formation of malignant or cancer cells in the breast tissues.

The disease has been termed as heterogeneous. This means that it is a different disease that appears and forms differently in different women of different age groups. Younger women are said to be more vulnerable to this disease.

This disease can be cured if detected early. This is the reason that young women are advised to carry out a self-examination for any kind of lungs inside their breast every three to six months. They should also go for a medical examination in every six months.

When failed to detect, this disease can result in to some real threatening stages. In certain severe and final stages of breast cancer, women are advised to go for a breast removal surgery or masectomy. This is really dreadful moment in a woman life.

Fortunately, this disease can be treated successfully if detected early. Hence, it is very important to learn about the symptoms of breast cancer and keep tabs on any of the warning signs that may hit our body anytime.

Here are some potential breast cancer symptoms to help you learn about this disease and detect it on time in a better and effective way.

- The warning sings

Usually, breast cancer does not carry any pain. However, a woman is still advised to visit her health care practitioner on a regular basis to know about the development of the disease in her body.

Common symptoms

a) Change in breast and nipple feel

You may suddenly experience tenderness of nipple or even a lump or thickening near the breast or underarm area without any specific reason.

b) Change in the appearance of breast or nipple

This means that there is a change in the shape or the size of the breast or a nipple. The nipple may appear scaly, read, swollen, turn slightly inward or contain ridges or pitting similar to the skin of an orange.

c) Nipple discharge

Sometimes, you may also experience nipple discharge. The discharge may be clear or bloody.

d) Pain

You may sometimes feel pain in the nipple.

e) Swelling

Women with breast cancer can even observe swelling or mass inside the arm pit.

f) Lump

A lump near the arm pit or breast is a clear indication of breast cancer.

g) Rash

You would find a rash on a nipple or the surrounding area.

All the above mentioned signs and symptoms are an indication that you may be suffering from breast cancer.

However, there are several other ways to detect breast cancer such as self examination. You can conduct a self examination at your home. Just inspect your breasts for any lumps or swelling, changes in contour of each breast, dimpling of skin or changes in the nipples.

Remember that early detection of this disease is the only way to cure it. You need to focus on the signs and symptoms of this disease in order to detect it. Watch out for the symptoms and be safe.

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Breast Mammograms May Mean Over – Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

June 2nd, 2010
Kirsten Whittaker asked:




Today breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women, after lung cancer. As a result, yearly breast mammograms have become common for women over 40, or anyone at high risk of developing this dangerous, disfiguring disease.

Now that programs like this are in place, experts had expected that the number of cases of advanced breast cancer would drop off, but that’s not happening.

Instead the incidence of breast cancer seems to have gone up since widespread screening became part of our yearly exams. Why?

Women know that early detection of breast cancer can save lives, but that doesn’t make going for that yearly mammogram any less nerve wracking or uncomfortable.

We endure the testing because we’ve been told we need to find lumps when they’re too small to feel or bring symptoms, before they have a chance to grow and cause trouble.

But do all cancers cause problems?

Late last year a large Norwegian study of mammography screening for breast cancer found that some invasive cancers might spontaneously regress over time, leaving no sign that they were ever present in a woman’s body.

Makes you wonder, now that we can screen for it, if this type of cancer isn’t over diagnosed or over treated.

This latest BMJ report citing an over-diagnosis rate for invasive breast cancer of 35% could truly have you re-thinking that yearly mammogram.

Besides this type of cancer, over-diagnosis has also been mentioned for cancer of the prostate as well as neuroblastoma, melanoma, thyroid cancer and lung cancer.

The latest work on over-diagnosis comes from researchers out of the Nordic Cochrane Centre in Copenhagen.

The team looked at the findings of studies that spanned a 14-year period. 7 years before public mammography screenings were available, and 7 years after government run mammography-screening programs were in place in five different countries (United Kingdom, Canada, New South Wales, Australia, Manitoba, Sweden and areas in Norway)

They found an over-diagnosis rate of 52% for all cancers, 35% for invasive breast cancer.

The data shows a jump in breast cancer incidence just after the screening programs were put in place.

What this work suggests, as did the Norwegian study before it, that perhaps not all cancers need to be treated, some might grow too slowly to affect a patient and others may resolve on their own.

It’s important to know that no doctor or current screening technique can tell the difference between a cancer that’s dangerous and one that might not be.

In a BMJ editorial that’s published along with the research, professor of medicine Dr. H. Gilbert Welch of the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Research recognizes the problem of over-diagnosis, understanding the trauma and terror a woman endures after being given such news by her doctor.

Surgery and chemotherapy bring their own set of difficulties that are physically demanding and emotionally draining, and a terrible trial for patients and families. Especially those whose cancers might not have needed to be treated at all.

While this latest study is still not an excuse, or recommendation, to put off your yearly mammogram, it does raise some rather nagging questions.

Until we know more, each woman has to decide for herself whether to continue with yearly breast mammograms, but it is clear that screening has let us detect earlier cancers and start treatment earlier.

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Controversies in Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer

June 2nd, 2010
Carol Kornmehl asked:




Non-invasive breast cancer, also known as ductal carcinoma in situ, or DCIS, is highly curable. It is most commonly detected on a screening mammogram. The standard of care is surgical removal, followed by breast radiation therapy, in women who wish to conserve their breast. The alternative is a mastectomy. Both modalities have equal survival outcomes. However, there has been a great deal of controversy about the necessity for radiation therapy for DCIS in women who opt for breast conservation.

Proponents for radiation therapy underscore the fact that the risk of a recurrence in the breast can be a more aggressive or even an invasive recurrence. Half of these recurrences are due to invasive breast cancer. The latter has the potential to spread to lymph nodes of the underarm and to other parts of the body. Without radiation therapy, the risk of a local recurrence is approximately 20%. By adding radiation therapy, the risk of such a failure is reduced by half. Needless to say, this is a substantial benefit.

The experts who do not support the routine use of radiation therapy for DCIS espouse that there is no difference in long-term survival between women who undergo radiation therapy versus those who do not. A woman who is willing to accept the higher risk of a recurrence in the breast may be treated with surgical removal alone. The question then arises: which women with DCIS should undergo radiation therapy and which should be observed?

Since the potential common side effects from radiation therapy, such as a skin reaction and fatigue, are temporary and the woman’s risk for developing an invasive and potentially life threatening breast recurrence is significant, it is prudent for women to take the more aggressive approach.

Certain factors, such as the woman’s age, her overall health, the surgical margin (or rim of normal breast tissue removed around the DCIS, with the wider the margin being more favorable), and the grade of the DCIS (low grade is much less aggressive than high grade and intermediate grade falls between these two extremes), should factor into the decision making.

Radiation therapy should be strongly considered for young women, women who have close margins, women with DCIS measuring more than ? centimeter (cm) and/or those do not have low grade DCIS. On the other hand, studies show that even older women with DCIS measuring less than ? cm, who have wide margins and/or low grade DCIS, benefit from the addition of radiation therapy.

The good news is that radiation therapy is a very easy, painless treatment that can enable women with DCIS to be at low risk of having the disease return in the treated breast, and peace of mind that they left no stone unturned.

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IBC: Inflammatory Breast Cancer news story

May 18th, 2010
drew30319 asked:


IBC: Inflammatory Breast Cancer News story from KOMO in Seattle. Links —– www.eraseibc.com http www.mdanderson.org

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Sunlight Reduces Cancer Risk, Makes Stronger Bones and Improves Health

May 11th, 2010
Michael Teplitsky asked:




Most people have been brainwashed into believing that sunlight is our enemy because it causes deadly cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on useless toxic sunscreens that actually increase cancer risk.

The truth is, the more sun exposure you have, the lower is your risk of 13 different cancers, including cancer of the breast, colon, ovaries, bladder, uterus, prostate, esophagus, rectum, and stomach.

Men who do not get enough sun have double the risk of prostate cancer. Women who stay away from the sun are 5 times more likely to get breast cancer. One study published in the journal Cancer in 2002 estimated that almost 22,000 people die from cancer every year because of low sun exposure. The authors conclude, “Thus, many lives could be extended through increased exposure to solar UV-B radiation (ultraviolet B rays from the sun).”

This is because sunlight causes your body to produce vitamin D. This vitamin is not only important for calcium metabolism and bone health, it also improves the function of the immune systems, which in turn reduces the risk of cancer.?

But what about skin cancer? There are 3 main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and malignant melanoma.

Both BCC and SCC are quite common, there are about a million cases per year. Both can be easily detected and removed and are considered medically quite minor.?

Malignant melanoma, on the other hand, can be deadly. It can spread through the body if not caught early. It causes the majority of skin cancer deaths.

Melanoma was very rare in 1950s and has been increasing ever since. In 2009 there will be more than 60,000 cases of malignant melanoma, with almost 8,500 deaths. Just 10 years ago there were 40,000 cases and 7,000 deaths. In other words, the incidence of malignant melanoma has been steadily going up for the last 50-60 years despite increasing use of sunscreens.

Both BCC and SCC have been linked to sunburns. This makes sense, because a burn can cause skin damage, which can eventually lead to all kind of problems. Any burn, whether caused by the sun or by a fire, can damage your skin. But if you avoid sunburns you will be OK, no matter how much you stay in the sun.

In fact, most recent data shows that exposure to sun actually prevents skin cancer, including the most dangerous one – melanoma. Many studies show that in Europe and the United States the higher the sun explore, the lower the risk of melanoma.

But why do you hear exactly the opposite information? Because it sells a lot of sunscreen products.

People are spending millions of dollars on sunscreens every year and someone is making a lot of money. These sunscreens are useless, toxic, and can even be increasing your risk of cancer by blocking the UV-B light that you need to produce vitamin D. One thing is clear – they do not reduce the risk of skin cancer.

The rates of skin cancer have been going up in the last 50 years, while the sale of sunscreens is through the roof. In the last 30 years they went from just a few millions dollars per year to well over half a billion.

By preventing you from making vitamin D they actually increase your risk of various cancers, muscular weakness, hypertension, autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, schizophrenia and depression, not to mention weak bones.

Finally, there is compelling evidence that melanoma is not caused by the sun. Most cases of melanoma occur in the parts of the body that are not very exposed to sunlight, such as the soles of the feet, buttocks, etc. Lots of studies show that the incidence and mortality from melanoma actually decrease with increased exposure to the sun. Studies that have examined the relationship between sunscreen use and melanoma show that they either have no effect or actually increase the risk. Plus, while it’s easy to produce SCC or BSS experimentally by ultraviolet light, it is very difficult to cause melanoma using the same method.

According to an article in the British Medical Journal (July 2008), “the effect of ultraviolet light can only be minimal,and the case against a major role is clear.” In other words, ultraviolet light has no major role as the cause of melanoma. They also refute the theory that melanoma may be caused by sunburns experienced early in life. If that were true, melanoma would mostly be found in the parts of the body that are usually exposed to the sun, which is not the case at all. So get out and get some sun, it’s good for you. Just don’t get sunburned.

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